anaconda激活环境后无法执行命令

问题

正常情况下：

conda env list

# conda environments:
#
base                   E:\anaconda3

……
……
……

某天激活环境后突然报错
/System32> conda activate base
/System32> conda env list
usage: conda-script.py [-h] [-v] [–no-plugins] [-V] COMMAND …
conda-script.py: error: argument COMMAND: invalid choice: ‘’ (choose from ‘activate’, ‘clean’, ‘commands’, ‘compare’, ‘config’, ‘create’, ‘deactivate’, ‘env’, ‘export’, ‘info’, ‘init’, ‘install’, ‘list’, ‘notices’, ‘package’, ‘build’, ‘content-trust’, ‘convert’, ‘debug’, ‘develop’, ‘doctor’, ‘index’, ‘inspect’, ‘metapackage’, ‘render’, ‘repoquery’, ‘skeleton’, ‘token’, ‘pack’, ‘server’, ‘repo’, ‘remove’, ‘uninstall’, ‘rename’, ‘run’, ‘search’, ‘update’, ‘upgrade’)

conda读取到的cmd是空字符串''

既然是activate后出现的问题, 那看看conda activate base 到底做了什么

/System32> get-command conda

CommandType     Name                                               Version    Source
-----------     ----                                               -------    ------
Alias           conda -> Invoke-Conda                              0.0        Conda

/System32> (get-command Invoke-Conda).Definition

# Don't use any explicit args here, we'll use $args and tab completion
# so that we can capture everything, INCLUDING short options (e.g. -n).
if ($Args.Count -eq 0) {
    # No args, just call the underlying conda executable.
    & $Env:CONDA_EXE $Env:_CE_M $Env:_CE_CONDA;
}
else {
    $Command = $Args[0];
    if ($Args.Count -ge 2) {
        $OtherArgs = $Args[1..($Args.Count - 1)];
    } else {
        $OtherArgs = @();
    }
    switch ($Command) {
        "activate" {
            Enter-CondaEnvironment @OtherArgs;
        }
        "deactivate" {
            Exit-CondaEnvironment;
        }

        default {
            # There may be a command we don't know want to handle
            # differently in the shell wrapper, pass it through
            # verbatim.
            & $Env:CONDA_EXE $Env:_CE_M $Env:_CE_CONDA $Command @OtherArgs;
        }
    }
}

实际上执行的是Enter-CondaEnvironment base

/System32> (get-command enter-condaEnvironment).Definition

[CmdletBinding()]
param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)][switch]$Stack,
    [Parameter(Position=0)][string]$Name
);

begin {
    If ($Stack) {
        $activateCommand = (& $Env:CONDA_EXE $Env:_CE_M $Env:_CE_CONDA shell.powershell activate --stack $Name | Out-String);
    } Else {
        $activateCommand = (& $Env:CONDA_EXE $Env:_CE_M $Env:_CE_CONDA shell.powershell activate $Name | Out-String);
    }

    Write-Verbose "[conda shell.powershell activate $Name]`n$activateCommand";
    Invoke-Expression -Command $activateCommand;
}

process {}

end {}

执行的是& $Env:CONDA_EXE $Env:_CE_M $Env:_CE_CONDA shell.powershell activate $Name | Out-String的输出
把环境变量临时变为空后执行& E:\anaconda3\Scripts\conda.exe shell.powershell activate base | out-string
得到

$Env:PATH = "E:\anaconda3;E:\anaconda3\Library\mingw-w64\bin;E:\anaconda3\Library\usr\bin;E:\anaconda3\Library\bin;E:\anaconda3\Scripts;E:\anaconda3\bin;E:\anaconda3\condabin;."
$Env:CONDA_PREFIX = "E:\anaconda3"
$Env:CONDA_SHLVL = "1"
$Env:CONDA_DEFAULT_ENV = "base"
$Env:CONDA_PROMPT_MODIFIER = "(base) "
$Env:CONDA_EXE = "E:\anaconda3\Scripts\conda.exe"
$Env:_CE_M = ""
$Env:_CE_CONDA = ""
$Env:CONDA_PYTHON_EXE = "E:\anaconda3\python.exe"
. "E:\anaconda3\etc\conda\activate.d\openssl_activate.ps1"

注意这里设置了这两个环境变量

$Env:_CE_M = ""
$Env:_CE_CONDA = ""

此时执行conda env list便报错了
实际执行的命令是:
& $Env:CONDA_EXE $Env:_CE_M $Env:_CE_CONDA env list;

由于$Env:_CE_M $Env:_CE_CONDA二者均是'', conda 把’’当做是command, 从而报错.

& $Env:CONDA_EXE ‘’ ‘’ env list;
usage: conda-script.py [-h] [-v] [–no-plugins] [-V] COMMAND …
conda-script.py: error: argument COMMAND: invalid choice: ‘’ (choose from ‘activate’, ‘clean’, ‘commands’, ‘compare’, ‘config’, ‘create’, ‘deactivate’, ‘env’, ‘export’, ‘info’, ‘init’, ‘install’, ‘list’, ‘notices’, ‘package’, ‘build’, ‘content-trust’, ‘convert’, ‘debug’, ‘develop’, ‘doctor’, ‘index’, ‘inspect’, ‘metapackage’, ‘render’, ‘repoquery’, ‘skeleton’, ‘repo’, ‘pack’, ‘token’, ‘server’, ‘remove’, ‘uninstall’, ‘rename’, ‘run’, ‘search’, ‘update’, ‘upgrade’)

解决方案

1. 修改$Env:_CONDA_ROOT\shell\condabin\Conda.psm1中定义的Invoke-Conda函数，删掉执行的命令中的$Env:_CE_M $Env:_CE_CONDA

但是不知道这两个环境变量本来有什么用，删除可能会有未知的影响

写到这里的时候google了一下这两个环境变量，直接就搜出了conda项目的两个同样的issue…
#14237
#14292
看来bing还是不行啊，搜了半天啥也没搜到

有人指出是pwsh之前的版本'' -eq $null是True, 所以conda ‘’ ‘’ env list能正常工作
但是7.5.0后是False，所以不行了。

所以算是conda没跟上pwsh产生的一个bug，2024年就修复了, 更新conda即可 conda install conda=25.5.0

最新版conda源码中没有context.dev时，$Env:_CE_M改成了$null

def _hook_preamble(self) -> str:
    if context.dev:
        return dedent(
            f"""
            $Env:PYTHONPATH = "{CONDA_SOURCE_ROOT}"
            $Env:CONDA_EXE = "{sys.executable}"
            $Env:_CE_M = "-m"
            $Env:_CE_CONDA = "conda"
            $Env:_CONDA_ROOT = "{CONDA_PACKAGE_ROOT}"
            $Env:_CONDA_EXE = "{context.conda_exe}"
            $CondaModuleArgs = @{{ChangePs1 = ${context.changeps1}}}
            """
        ).strip()
    else:
        return dedent(
            f"""
            $Env:CONDA_EXE = "{context.conda_exe}"
            $Env:_CE_M = $null
            $Env:_CE_CONDA = $null
            $Env:_CONDA_ROOT = "{context.conda_prefix}"
            $Env:_CONDA_EXE = "{context.conda_exe}"
            $CondaModuleArgs = @{{ChangePs1 = ${context.changeps1}}}
            """
        ).strip()

体会

善用搜索引擎啊